The modern understanding of pain extends beyond a mere sensory experience to encompass complex interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors.
Pain is now recognised as a multifaceted phenomenon involving intricate neural pathways, neurotransmitter systems, and the brain’s processing mechanisms. The biopsychosocial model of pain emphasises the interplay between physical pathology, emotional state, and social context in shaping the perception and experience of pain.
This holistic perspective has led to a shift in therapeutic approaches, with an increased focus on personalised and interdisciplinary interventions that consider not only the physiological aspects of pain but also the psychological and social dimensions.